The present researchers are focusing on cardiorespiratory, temperature, blood pressure, transcutaneous oxygen, and carbon dioxide monitoring. According to them, any baby born before 37 weeks comes under the category of a premature baby 2. concentrated on presenting incubator systems with prime biological parameters, analysis techniques and modes of transmission of the information. The continuous real-time monitoring of the babies reduces the death rate and other complications. They provide the necessary vital statistics of the toddlers, such as heart rate.Īccording to the literature, a neonatal incubator is a place of enclosed equipment where premature babies can be kept in a controlled, safe, clean, caring and observation-based environment. One has to rely on the sensing and actuation-based systems inside the incubators. The major problem with premature babies is that they cannot express their problems. The central system required for such babies is a controlled temperature and humidity environment with proper oxygen. They may have breathing troubles, infections, the effect of gestational diabetes, jaundice, the trauma of a long or stressful delivery, suffering from a surgical procedure, respiratory misery syndrome, hypoglycemia, or sepsis. Premature babies require proper time to develop their organs. In section VI, the conclusion of the paper is discussed. Section II describes the literature survey of incubators, and section III focuses on developing IoT-based incubators, section IV discusses the incubator system procedure, and section V discusses the results. The rest of the paper is organized in the following manner. The present work focuses on such an incubator with all the above-mentioned features. The aim is to build incubators which are safe, secure, and have multiple features. Presently, much research is going on to develop intelligent and multi-featured incubators. These alternate arrangements provide a mother's womb-like environment for premature babies. The possible solution to overcome this problem comes after the use of incubators. And the few initial days are critical for them-the reason for this large number of deaths in the child's premature birth. According to a report, 2.4 million infant deaths were reported globally in 2020 during the first month after birth 1. The initial 28 days are very crucial in neonatal life. The developed system can also be used for point-of-care applications while sending the incubator's data in real-time to the parents-hospitals. The developed incubator is affordable and suitable for countries and working parents in resource-poor settings. In addition, the device shows all the ambient sensor data, humidity and the Peltier status on the prototype and the user's smart mobile application. The developed prototype shows promising results in attaining the set temperature within 2 to 3 minutes. The developed prototype was tested in real-time using IoT. The proportional, integral and derivative (PID) algorithm was used to control the incubator chamber temperature. The incubator environment controlling feature is also there, and it is implemented with a Peltier-based device that can cool and heat the incubator chamber. The information about the incubator ambient evironment status goes to the doctor, nurse, or family member through the internet with the help of ThingSpeak, an open IoT platform for necessary action. Integrating internet of things (IoT) technology with incubators is the main feature of our developed prototype. Furthermore, the applications of incubators and the conditions affecting new-early babies are also discussed in the paper. In this paper, we have discussed the development of incubators till now. The incubators are the critical components of hospitals to save premature babies.
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